1.
Referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, and these organelles convert nutrients into energy.
2.
A version of an element’s atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
3.
The bending of light as it passes through substances of different densities, like air to water.
4.
A thread-like structure inside cells, packed with DNA that carries genetic instructions.
5.
The rigid, outermost layer of Earth that includes the crust and upper mantle.
6.
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up itself.
7.
A state where all acting influences are balanced, and no net change is happening.
8.
The body’s way of keeping internal conditions stable despite external changes.
9.
The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or particles, often from radioactive substances.
10.
A chemical reaction where a substance loses electrons, often involving oxygen.
11.
When a gas turns into a liquid, often forming droplets on cooler surfaces.
12.
Part of the cell’s internal transport system—especially the rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
13.
A chemical messenger that passes signals between nerve cells in the brain and body.
14.
When waves, like light or sound, bend around obstacles or spread after passing through slits.
15.
A substance that triggers an immune response, often from a virus or bacteria.
16.
A force that acts toward the centre of a circle, keeping an object in circular motion.
17.
An instrument that splits light into its component wavelengths to analyze its source.
18.
When a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming liquid first, like dry ice disappearing.
