1.
The regular seasonal movement of birds to and from their breeding grounds
2.
Birds that stay in the same area year around. Common in the tropics were resources are consistent year round and possible in more temperate regions with the right adaptations
3.
Migrants that vary in timing and distance between years often affected by resource availability
4.
These migrants have a predictable annual migration in which no individuals stay behind at the breeding grounds
5.
Birds that move sporadically throughout the year, most common in regions with unpredictable food sources
6.
Migratory connectivity in which breeding and wintering locations are strongly correlated resulting in low gene flow between populations and possible speciation
7.
Migratory connectivity in which breeding and wintering locations are weakly correlated and thus populations experience strong gene flow
8.
Species vary in the number of stops they take while flying, those that take fewer stops avoid predation and save time, however it is very ___ difficult
9.
Form of migration in which those at the extremes are long distance migrants while those in the middle are residents
10.
___ typically arrive at the breeding grounds first to establish territories to attract females
11.
Form of migration where the species breed at high elevations and then migrate down-slope in winter
12.
A resource rich area in which migrating birds often congregate at to stop and refuel
13.
The presence of magnetite in some species upper bills allow them to navigate using earth's ___ fields
14.
___ cues are used by birds to navigate according to the suns photoperiod and position
15.
When migrating at night many species use the ___ to guide them
16.
It is possible that ___ is used as a form of navigation by tube-nose seabirds
17.
The hypothesis in which birds migration most often evolved by starting off in the north and then birds shifted their non-breeding ranges south
18.
Due to migration being an ___ trait it is often resistant to evolutionary changes, an issue as climate change causes a mismatch between resource availability and migration patterns
19.
*Even though spring green-up phenology had changed resulting in a ___ between resources and breeding time, birds still followed their old migration routes and times
