1.
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas between the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia) and the New World (Americas) after Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492.
2.
Refers to Europe, Africa, and Asia, which were connected before the Columbian Exchange .
3.
Refers to the Americas, which were introduced to Europeans after Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492 .
4.
The practice of growing crops primarily for export rather than local consumption, often involving plantations and intensive labor.
5.
The forced transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas to work on plantations, driven by the demand for labor in cash crop production .
6.
The massive population decline of indigenous peoples in the Americas due to diseases like smallpox, measles, and cholera introduced by Europeans .
7.
Agricultural systems developed in the Americas based on the introduction of domesticated animals like cattle, sheep, and pigs by Europeans .
8.
A way of life based on the raising of livestock, which became common among some Native American tribes after the introduction of domesticated animals .
9.
The interconnected system of trade routes established during the Columbian Exchange, linking Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas for the first time .
10.
A boundary drawn by Pope Alexander VI to settle disputes between Spain and Portugal over newly discovered lands, later formalized in the Treaty of Tordesillas .
11.
An agreement between Spain and Portugal in 1494 dividing the newly discovered lands in the Americas between the two nations .
12.
Animals such as horses, pigs, cattle, and sheep introduced by Europeans to the Americas, which became integral to agriculture and indigenous cultures .
13.
Alterations to ecosystems caused by the introduction of new species, such as overgrazing by sheep leading to soil erosion and land degradation .
14.
The rapid increase in population in the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) due to the introduction of nutrient-rich crops like potatoes from the Americas .
15.
An Italian explorer sponsored by Spain who, in 1492, initiated the Columbian Exchange by reaching the Americas while seeking a westward route to Asia .
16.
Populations The original inhabitants of the Americas who suffered significant population declines due to diseases and other consequences of European contact .
17.
A staple crop from the Americas introduced to Europe, Africa, and Asia, significantly altering diets and agricultural practices worldwide .
18.
A crop from the Americas that became a staple in Europe and Asia, contributing to population growth due to its efficiency in feeding large numbers of people .
19.
The spread of diseases such as smallpox, measles, and cholera from Europeans to indigenous populations in the Americas, resulting in catastrophic mortality rates .
20.
The sharing of ideas, beliefs, and practices between the Old and New Worlds, reshaping societies on both sides of the Atlantic .
