1.
Each layer of soil with its own distinct characteristics and features.
2.
The top layer of soil that contains fallen leaves and dead plants, known as humus, which helps in plant growth.
3.
The broken down dead plants and leaves in the O horizon that make the soil soft and provide nutrients for plant growth.
4.
Also known as "topsoil," this layer is the main layer where plants grow their roots. It consists of tiny rocks, minerals, and humus.
5.
The layer below the A horizon, also called "subsoil," which mostly contains clay and bits of minerals. It collects minerals from the topsoil through the process of leaching.
6.
The process in which water carries minerals from the topsoil down to the subsoil, leaving them behind as it moves through the soil layers.
7.
The layer of slightly changed rock, also known as "weathered rock," from which the soil above it originated. It does not contain dead plants or animals.
8.
The bottom layer of soil, also called "bedrock," which is solid rock. It slowly breaks down over time to form the parent material and non-living part of the soil.
9.
material: The rock in the R horizon that gradually breaks down to form the soil.
10.
Substances found in the soil that provide nutrients for plant growth. They are collected in the B horizon and play a vital role in supporting plant development.
