1.
A virus that infects bacteria and uses the bacterial cell's machinery to reproduce.
2.
Proteins that help organise, package, and maintain the structure of DNA or other genetic material.
3.
The complete set of genetic material present in an organism or virus, including all its genes and non-coding sequences.
4.
Chromosomes in which the centromere is positioned closer to one end rather than the center. This creates one very short arm and one exceptionally long arm.
5.
These chromosomes are exceptional, unusually large chromosomes found in amphibian oocytes (such as those of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum) that are easily visible even under a light microscope.
6.
A large macromolecular structure that assembles at the centromere to capture spindle microtubules, ensuring correct chromosome segregation during mitosis.
7.
A domain of single-celled, prokaryotic microorganisms that lack a nucleus and are distinct from both Bacteria and Eukaryotes.
8.
Microscopic, single-celled organism whose genetic material is not enclosed within a nucleus and which lacks other organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.
9.
Infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. It needs a host cell to replicate itself.
10.
The irregularly shaped, non-membrane-enclosed region within a prokaryotic cell where the circular chromosomal DNA is concentrated.
11.
The ability of a pathogen (such as a virus or bacterium) to cause disease in a host organism.
12.
Small, double-stranded, extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria and some other organisms that replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA.
