1.
Metals that have varied oxidation states
2.
The analysis of reactants and products in chemical reactions, including mole ratios
3.
Measures the efficiency of the lab; compares the actual product amount to the calculated theoretical yield (two words)
4.
Measures the accuracy of an experimental result compared to the accepted theoretical value (two words)
5.
Measures the masses and relative abundances of isotopes in a sample to calculate average atomic mass (two words)
6.
The lowest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound (two words)
7.
Forces that are the strong chemical bonds holding atoms together within a single molecule
8.
Forces that act between different molecules
9.
The energy required to break one mole of a specific bond (two words)
10.
The energy required to separate one mole of a solid ionic compound (two words)
11.
Alloys that contain small elements withing a large crystal lattice
12.
Alloys that have its host atoms replaced with other elements
13.
The potential charge assigned to an atom within a molecule or ion
14.
Molecules with multiple correct molecular structures
15.
Predicts 3D molecular shapes around a central ion
16.
Features two bonding pairs to the central atom that forms a 180° angle
17.
Features three bonding pairs to the central atom that forms a 120° angle (two words)
18.
Features two bonding pairs to the central atom and the central atom has at least one lone pair resulting in a V-shaped structure
19.
Features four bonding pairs to the central atom that forms a 109.5° angle
20.
Features three bonding pairs to the central atom and the central atom has one lone pair resulting in a bond angle of 107° (two words)
21.
Features five bonding pairs to the central atom that forms a 120° angle in one plane and a 90° angle in the other plane
22.
Features four bonding pairs to the central atom and the central atom has one lone pair resulting in a bond angle less than normal
23.
Features three bonding pairs to the central atom and the central atom has two lone pairs resulting in a bond angle less than 90°
24.
Features six bonding pairs to the central atom that forms a 90° angle
25.
Features five bonding pairs to the central atom and the central atom has one lone pair resulting in a bond angle less than 90° (two words)
26.
Features four bonding pairs to the central atom and the central atom has two lone pairs resulting in a bond angle of 90° (two words)
27.
Bonds between metal cations and nonmetal anions; can also form rigid 3D structures
28.
Bonds between nonmetals that share electrons with each other
29.
Bonds between a fixed lattice of positive metal cations
30.
Weak force caused from random electron movement; present in all atoms and molecules (two words)
31.
Force that occurs between two polar molecules (two words)
32.
Strong force where Hydrogen is covalently bonded to either Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine (two words)
33.
Force that occurs between an ion and a polar molecule (two words)
34.
Solids; closely packed particles held in fixed positions by strong IMFs or chemical bonds
35.
Solid with covalent bonds throughout; contains extremely high boiling points, low conductivity, and low solubility (two words)
36.
Solid held together by weak IMFs; contains low boiling points, low conductivity, and are brittle
37.
Type of distribution that graphs the number of particles versus their kinetic energy at a given temperature (two words)
38.
The pressure an individual gas in a mixture would exert independent of the container (two words)
39.
Waves of low energy and long wavelengths that rotate molecules
40.
Waves of moderate energy and moderate wavelengths that vibrate molecules
41.
Waves of high energy and short wavelengths that breaks double bonds and excites electrons
42.
The ability of a solid to dissolve in a solute
43.
Law that states that absorbance is directly related to concentration
44.
Experimentation technique used to determine an unknown concentration by reacting it with a known concentration
45.
The transfer of electrons in a reaction where one species gains and another loses
46.
The loss of electrons by a species in a redox reaction
47.
The gaining of electrons by a species in a redox reaction
48.
Explains how a reaction occurs with multiple steps
49.
Process that absorbs heat from the surroundings and breaks bonds
50.
Process that releases heat from the surroundings and forms bonds
51.
Measures heat flow in chemical reactions by measuring temperature changes in an insulated container
52.
The heat transferred at a constant pressure, determines whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic (two words)
53.
Law that states that the total enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is the same regardless of whether it occurs in one step or several
54.
The state in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
55.
Principle that states that if a reversible reaction is modified, the system shifts to counteract that disturbance and re-establish equilibrium
56.
The solubility of a salt decreases when a solute containing a shared ion is added to a solution; extension of Le Chatelier's Principle (three words)
57.
Acids that contain more than one proton (H+)
58.
The reaction of salt ions with water to produce acidic or basic solutions (two words)
59.
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
60.
Solutions containing a weak acid and its conjugate base (or vice-versa) that resist pH change
61.
Cells that use redox reactions to generate electrical energy; contains two cells conected by a wire and a salt bridge (two words)
62.
Predicts the thermodynamic favorability of a chemical reaction (three words)
63.
Measures the disorder and randomness in a system
64.
Measures the voltage driving electrons from the anode to the cathode in a redox reaction
