1.
HELIOCENTRIC: The "Sun-centered" model of the universe that replaced the Earth-centered one.
2.
TELESCOPE: The optical tool Galileo improved to see craters on the moon and the moons of Jupiter.
3.
ELLIPSES: The specific oval-like shape of planetary orbits discovered by Johannes Kepler.
4.
GRAVITY: The invisible force that pulls objects toward each other and keeps planets in their paths.
5.
CALCULUS: The advanced branch of math Isaac Newton created to calculate the changing speeds of falling objects.
6.
GALILEO: The Italian scientist who was put on trial by the Church for supporting the idea that the Earth moves.
7.
HARVEY: The English physician (William) who proved that the heart acts as a pump for blood.
8.
KEPLER: The mathematician who used Brahe’s data to create the three laws of planetary motion.
10.
NEWTON: The scientist who wrote Principia and is famous for his three laws of motion.
11.
BACON: The philosopher (Francis) who pushed for "empiricism"—the idea that scientists must experiment and observe to find the truth.
