1.
When a country takes control of new territory and makes it part of its own land.
2.
To prepare and organize people or resources for action, especially for war.
3.
A type of war where an entire nation’s resources and population are involved, and civilians can also be targeted.
4.
A situation where neither side can make progress or win.
5.
A style of fighting in which armies battle from dug‑out trenches.
6.
Large, powerful weapons such as cannons, mortars, and long‑range guns.
7.
An agreement to stop fighting, typically before a peace treaty is created.
8.
A disease outbreak that spreads across many countries or continents.
9.
The idea that people should choose their own government and political future.
10.
Payments or compensation made by a defeated country to repair war damage.
11.
A political system where power is held by one leader or a small group with limited freedoms.
12.
The forced removal of people from a country or region.
13.
A psychological condition experienced by WWI soldiers due to extreme battle stress (early term for PTSD).
14.
A person living outside their native country.
15.
A movement rejecting the norms and values of mainstream society.
16.
When a government takes control of private industries or resources.
17.
A system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union used for political prisoners and others.
18.
A Spanish term for peasants or small-scale rural farmers.
19.
Spanish-speaking cattle herders; early cowboys.
