1.
A political approach favouring tougher punishment and deterrence to reduce crime.
2.
The idea that offenders weigh costs and benefits before deciding to commit crime.
3.
Strategies aimed at preventing crime by reducing opportunities and increasing risks.
4.
Measures that make crime more difficult by increasing effort or reducing opportunity.
5.
A criminologist who argued situational prevention reduces crime opportunities.
6.
The movement of crime from one place or target to another after prevention measures.
7.
A policing strategy that strictly punishes all disorder to prevent serious crime.
8.
The theory that visible disorder encourages further crime and antisocial behaviour.
9.
The imprisonment of offenders as a method of punishment and crime control.
10.
A sociologist who highlighted poor prison conditions caused by mass imprisonment.
11.
A sociologist who argued prisons act as “universities of crime.”
12.
The tendency of offenders to reoffend after punishment or release from prison.
13.
The feeling of being unfairly disadvantaged compared with others in society.
14.
The exclusion of groups from power and opportunities, increasing crime risk.
15.
A left realist sociologist who argued crime is caused by inequality and social exclusion.
