1.
chemical substances that alter perceptions, moods, consciousness, cognition, or behavior by changing the brain's neurochemistry
2.
chemical substances (drugs or toxins) that increase a neurotransmitter's action by binding to receptor sites and activating them, mimicking the neurotransmitter’s natural effects
3.
drugs or chemicals that inhibit or block the action of neurotransmitters at the receptor site, thereby decreasing neural firing and reducing the neurotransmitter's effect
4.
psychoactive drugs that block the recycling (reuptake) of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin or dopamine, back into the presynaptic neuron
5.
a class of psychoactive drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
6.
blocking adenosine receptors in the brain, reducing drowsiness and increasing alertness, energy, and cognitive performance. As a stimulant, it speeds up neural activity, temporarily increasing heart rate and arousal levels
7.
gives an incredible sense of euphoria, highly addictive
8.
class of psychoactive drugs that reduce neural activity and slow down bodily functions, specifically targeting the central nervous system (CNS)
9.
catagorized by slurred speech, clumsy movements, and a bad recovery time
10.
drugs that distort perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input; also known as psychedelic drugs
11.
known for being relaxing
12.
a group of drugs used for treating pain because they contain opium-like compounds
13.
depressant and opiate tha rushes euphoria after pain relief and relaxation
14.
the diminishing effect of a psychoactive drug resulting from repeated use
15.
a chronic, compulsive, and often uncontrollable dependence on a substance (e.g., drugs, alcohol) or behavior (e.g., gambling, gaming) despite significant negative consequences, adverse effects on health, or social/occupational impairment. It involves phys
16.
unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms experienced when a person abruptly stops or reduces the intake of a substance
17.
our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment, including thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and sensations
18.
the internal, biological "clock" that regulates bodily processes over a roughly 24-hour cycle
19.
a temporary circadian rhythm sleep disorder caused by rapid, long-distance travel across multiple time zones
20.
any employment schedule occurring outside the traditional 9-to-5, Monday-Friday routine, such as evening, night, early morning, or rotating shifts
21.
initial, lightest stage of sleep that acts as the transition between wakefulness and sleep
22.
vivid, sensory, or hallucinatory experiences occurring during the transition from wakefulness to Stage 1 NREM sleep
23.
a 10-to-20-minute, light-to-medium sleep phase characterized by theta waves, sleep spindles (rapid brain activity bursts), and K-complexes (high-amplitude waves)
24.
the third phase of the sleep cycle characterized by high-amplitude, low-frequency delta waves
25.
a distinct, active stage of sleep characterized by vivid dreaming, high brain activity (similar to being awake), increased heart rate, and rapid eye movements
26.
the increased frequency, intensity, and duration of REM sleep that occurs after a period of REM sleep deprivation
27.
a neurobiological theory stating that dreams are the cerebral cortex's interpretation of random neural firing in the brainstem (specifically the pons) during REM sleep
28.
the process by which newly acquired, fragile information is stabilized and transferred from short-term to long-term memory, primarily occurring during sleep
29.
the biological and cognitive process of stabilizing a memory trace after initial acquisition, transforming short-term memories into long-lasting, stable, long-term storage
30.
posits that sleep is essential for replenishing physical, mental, and cognitive resources depleted during waking hours
31.
a common sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulties with falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early
32.
chronic neurological sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, irresistible "sleep attacks," and sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep
33.
a parasomnia characterized by the failure of normal muscle atonia (paralysis) during REM sleep, causing individuals to physically act out vivid, often violent, dreams
34.
a common, serious sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing (for 10 seconds or more) during sleep, leading to fragmented, poor-quality sleep and severe daytime fatigue
35.
a parasomnia disorder where a person performs complex behaviors—such as walking, sitting up, or talking—while in a state of deep, non-REM (NREM) sleep
