1.
Which mineral forms from complete metamorphism of clay-rich rocks and shows perfect basal cleavage but no visible crystals?
2.
What ultrafine-grained volcanic rock forms from instantaneous quenching, preventing any mineral crystals from forming?
3.
Which sedimentary rock forms from compacted silt-sized particles and often splits into thin sheets due to aligned grains?
4.
What metamorphic rock develops from basalt under medium-grade metamorphism and contains amphibole aligned into bands?
5.
Which rock cycle process alters minerals when hot fluids percolate through rock, changing chemistry without melting?
6.
Which igneous rock has a porphyritic texture indicating two distinct cooling rates and is commonly intermediate in composition?
7.
What coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock has the same mineral composition as basalt but forms deep underground?
8.
What fine-grained sedimentary protolith is composed of clay and silt, which can become slate under low-grade metamorphism?
9.
Which metamorphic rock forms from limestone under heat, erasing fossils and forming interlocking calcite grains?
10.
What intrusive rock has a salt-and-pepper appearance, intermediate composition, and is commonly found at convergent plate boundaries?
11.
What type of metamorphism occurs over large areas, usually during mountain-building, involving high temperature and pressure?
12.
What sedimentary structure forms inclined layers that indicate changing flow directions of wind or water currents?
13.
Which metamorphic mineral commonly forms cross-shaped crystals and indicates medium-grade metamorphism of aluminous rocks?
14.
Which dark silicate mineral forms under medium- to high-grade metamorphism and is commonly aligned in foliated rocks?
15.
Which fine-grained extrusive igneous rock has felsic composition, often showing porphyritic texture?
16.
Which mineral is extremely soft (hardness 1), feels soapy, and forms from metamorphism of ultramafic rocks?
17.
Which mineral is a common mafic silicate found in basalt and gabbro with two cleavages near 90°?
18.
Which rock cycle process involves ions in water precipitating as solid minerals, forming rocks like chert or some limestones?
19.
Which halide mineral can exhibit fluorescence under UV light and is used in industry for hydrofluoric acid production?
20.
Which metamorphic mineral forms under medium- to high-grade conditions and is commonly used as an index mineral to determine metamorphic grade?
