1.
The process where rocks break and move along a fracture or crack in Earth’s crust, often caused by tectonic forces and associated with earthquakes.
2.
The bending of rock layers due to pressure and stress, usually from tectonic forces, without the rocks breaking. This creates features like anticlines (upward folds) and synclines (downward folds).
3.
Record, The collection of all known fossils and their placement in rock formations and layers, used to study the history of life on Earth.
4.
Column, An ideal, ordered arrangement of rock layers (strata) that represents the chronological sequence of Earth's geological history.
5.
Intrusion, Molten rock (magma) that pushes into existing rock layers and solidifies beneath Earth’s surface, often cutting across older layers.
6.
of Superposition, A principle stating that in undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.
7.
Dating, A method of determining the actual age of a rock, fossil, or geologic event in years, often using radioactive decay.
8.
Dating, A technique for determining the age of materials by measuring the amount of a radioactive isotope and its decay products.
9.
Decay, The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, changing into a different element over time.
10.
Elements, Unstable elements that naturally break down (decay) over time, releasing radiation; commonly used in dating rocks (e.g., uranium, carbon-14).
