1.
founder of Tuskegee Institute; accommodationist; races could remain socially separate as long as African Americans weren't denied jobs
2.
first African American to earn a PhD from Harvard; co-founder of NAACP; emphasized the need for academically talented African Americans to go to college and get jobs; assimilationist
3.
helped formerly enslaved people and poor whites in the South after the Civil War; provided food, housing, medical care, education, and helped negotiate labor contracts; resistance from South and lacked funding
4.
educated newly freed African Americans after the Civil War; believed education was essential for progress and equality; compassionate - viewed themselves as culture and moral guides; dressed modestly
5.
upheld racial segregation in public facilities as long as the facilities provided for Black and white individuals were of equal quality; facilities for Black Americans were not equal quality; overturned by Brown v. Board of Ed 1954
6.
1896; Plessy violated Louisiana's segregation law by sitting in a whites-only train car; Supreme Court ruled segregation didn't violate the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause as long as facilities were equal; "separate but equal"
7.
amendment that abolished slavery
8.
amendment that granted citizenship to all people born in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people, and guaranteed equal protection under the law
9.
amendment that says voting rights can't be denied based on race, color, etc.
10.
advocated for women's education and the development of domestic roles; believed women should be trained to be good wives, mothers, and educators; wanted schools to train women in domestic science and teaching
11.
institutions designed to train teachers (specifically elementary ed); aimed to improve teaching standards by providing a more formal and specialized training for educators; helped standardize education
