1.
organized government that provides order and leadership in local communities, such as counties, municipalities, towns, and cities
3.
the first representative assembly in the New World
4.
Principle that government does not have absolute power, only what the people have given it; government limited by law under which the rights people possess cannot be taken away
5.
an act of protest in which individuals withhold their business or support
6.
an assembly in 1774 at Philadelphia in which colonial representatives issued a list of grievances and defined the colonists’ political rights
7.
Colonial assembly that convened in 1775; tasked with handling the military emergency around Boston and discussing a formal declaration of independence
8.
Colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the War for Independence for political, religious, and economic reasons, often called Tories.
9.
the formal document, written by Thomas Jefferson, that established the principles of government that justified the American colonies’ break with England
10.
Founding Father who wrote the Declaration of Independence
11.
Philosophical and intellectual movement in 18th century England that emphasized reason and thought; its principles are reflected in the Declaration of Independence.
12.
Principle that people agree to submit to a government in exchange for the protection of their rights.
13.
president of the Continental Congress; first Founding Father to sign the Declaration of Independence
14.
document that the Second Continental Congress ratified in 1781; proposed a weak central government based on the consent of the newly formed state governments
15.
the formal approval process of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty
16.
describes a legislature made up of only one house
17.
a convention in 1786 represented by five states; provided the setting for Alexander Hamilton’s proposal to reconvene the following year in Philadelphia, where the representatives drew up the Constitution
18.
Uprising of debtor farmers led by Daniel Shays over farm foreclosures and prison sentences for indebtedness; quickly suppressed but generated fear throughout state legislatures, making them open to the Philadelphia (Constitutional) Convention
19.
sometimes called the Philadelphia Convention; a convention held in Philadelphia in 1787 at which the delegates discarded the Articles of Confederation and drew up the Constitution, which outlined the United States government
20.
president of the Constitutional Convention; first president of the United States
21.
Father of the Constitution
22.
James Madison’s proposal for the composition and structure of the new Congress; called for a bicameral congress, with the number of representatives based on state population or on the amount of revenue a state provided for the national government
23.
a representative body that has two houses
24.
a proposal by William Paterson for the composition and structure of the new Congress; responded to the Virginia Plan and called for a unicameral congress, thus maintaining the one-state, one-vote principle of the Confederation
25.
a proposal by Roger Sherman for the composition and structure of the new Congress and a compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans; proposed that representation in the lower house be based on state population and that representation in the Senat
26.
settlement at the Constitutional Convention that said that three-fifths of a state’s slaves would count toward its representation in the House, but a slave state would also have to pay taxes on the slaves at the same rate
27.
Advocates of the proposed Constitution
28.
members of ratification conventions in each state who rejected the proposed Constitution; members included Patrick Henry and George Mason
29.
a collection of essays answering objections to the proposed Constitution and supporting its ratification; written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, the primary spokesmen of the Federalists
