1.
holding pre-conceived notions in favor of or against one idea, person, or group compared with others
2.
forms of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as websites, podcasts, large social networking apps, TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, recordings, and movies (ex. Spotify, Facebook, YouTube, Fox News, MSNBC, Instagram, Twitter)
3.
forms of media that serve a small, wealthy, and powerful class of people and influence the political agenda of other media companies (ex. New York Times, NPR, PBS, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times)
4.
a false notion or belief; an error in thinking
5.
when speakers attack the person making the argument and not the argument itself
6.
trying to prove something by saying it again and again; argument by repetition
7.
using a person's authority, reputation, or expertise as the sole or primary reason to support their argument, without providing any other evidence or reasoning
8.
limiting the available choices or solutions to only two even though other alternatives exist
9.
("scare tactics") using fear, instead of evidence or reason, as the primary motivator to get others to accept an idea or conclusion
10.
media that uses carefully-crafted messages to manipulate people's actions and beliefs
11.
a false, written statement that is damaging to a person's reputation
12.
a false, spoken statement that is damaging to a person's reputation
13.
the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities
