1.
The chemical process by which compacted layers of sediment bond together and harden into sedimentary rock—minerals that enter small spaces between the sedimentary grains stick the grains together.
2.
The physical and chemical process by which layers of sediment are layered on top of one another, reducing the space between the sedimentary grains and squeezing out water.
3.
The process by which energy is transferred away from a substance to the surrounding area, reducing its temperature.
4.
The physical process by which crystals are formed is an instrumental step in the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
5.
The process of a force changing the size or shape of a rock.
6.
The process where, over time, layers of sediments are naturally dropped on top of one another.
7.
The incredibly hot innermost area in the center of the Earth.
8.
The process of energy moving from one energy store to another.
9.
The process by which pieces of weathered rock and soil are moved from one place to another—it can be caused by gravity, running water, glaciers, waves, or wind.
10.
Rocks that are formed as a result of magma cooling rapidly at the Earth’s surface
11.
Rocks that are formed as a result of magma cooling
12.
Rocks that are formed as a result of magma cooling slowly inside the Earth's crust
13.
molten rock (magma) that has reached Earth's surface
14.
An underground pocket within Earth's crust that is filled with molten rock (magma) under high pressure
15.
The physical change process when a material moves from solid to liquid
16.
rocks that are formed as the result of another type of rock (that is, sedimentary or igneous) transforming into another type of rock, usually as the result of heating or pressure
17.
A usually smaller or simpler representation of another thing.
18.
The edge where two tectonic plates meet
19.
A physical force exerted on an object
20.
The geoscience processes by which rocks are formed and changed into the three primary rock types—igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
21.
rocks that are formed as a result of the cementation of layers of sediments
22.
The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by natural forces, such as wind and rain.
23.
The point where two plates collide.
24.
The point where two plates move apart.
25.
The thin outer shell of the Earth.
26.
The part of the Earth’s interior between the crust and the central core.
27.
A volcanic region where magma from a mantle plume has caused the Earth’s crust to melt and thin.
28.
An area of high-temperature flow in the mantle that produces magma, which feeds hot spots
29.
A submarine mountain range formed when two oceanic plates diverged
30.
A valley formed when two continental plates diverged
31.
The Earth’s crust cracks open as a result of two oceanic plates diverging, causing hot magma to cool as it meets the ocean water, harden into solid rock, and become part of the seafloor
32.
The process in which two tectonic plates meet, and one plate sinks below the other
33.
a piece of the Earth’s crust that sits on and moves over the Earth’s mantle
34.
the point where two plates slide past each other
35.
a chain of islands, typically consisting of two rows, formed by the subduction that occurs when two oceanic plates converge
36.
A measure of how explosive a material is
37.
A mass of rocks and earth is moving suddenly and quickly down a slope
38.
A piece of magma larger than 64 mm in diameter that is ejected by a volcano during an eruption
39.
A large, generally flat area that has been covered by lava from a volcanic eruption
40.
A measure of how easily a liquid flows—for example, molasses is thick (high viscosity)while water is thin (low viscosity)
41.
Rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption
42.
A mudflow carrying volcanic material down the slopes of a volcano
43.
A type of violent volcanic eruption defined by ash plumes rising to over 25 km in height
44.
A high-density and fast-moving mix of hot lava, ash, and gases is ejected explosively from a volcano
45.
A type of volcanic eruption with moderate bursts that ejects rock fragments and lava bombs
46.
A type of volcanic eruption characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater
47.
The use of technology to map a three-dimensional object and help show the object in the real world.
48.
A device capable of receiving information from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites to calculate the device's geographical position
49.
A cylindrical section of rock obtained by drilling
50.
An instrument that measures and records ground motions caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions
