1.
refers to internal, organized, and often violent uprisings by populations against central authorities.
2.
are organized, often violent, uprisings by local, regional, or marginalized groups.
3.
refers to deliberate, organized actions by individuals or groups to oppose, undermine, or overthrow established authority, imperial control, and social hierarchies
4.
is a violent conflict between organized groups within the same country, fighting for control of the government, independence for a region, or to change policies.
5.
the political doctrine and practice of unlimited centralized authority and absolute sovereignty, as vested especially in a monarch or dictator.
6.
is the unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power, keeping a group or individuals down through systemic mistreatment, unfair laws, or societal beliefs, leading to subjugation and the denial of rights or freedom.
7.
defined as “the system of values, policies and institutions by which a society manages its economic, political and social affairs through interactions within and among the state, civil society and private sector.
8.
is defined as the supreme, absolute, and independent authority of a state to govern itself.
9.
is defined as a form of government where power is held by a small, privileged, and elite ruling class.
10.
is defined as an open, collective rebellion by members of the armed forces (soldiers or sailors) against their lawful commanding officers or established state authority.
11.
It refers to a system of administration characterised by complex rules, hierarchical structures, and formal procedures
12.
is defined as the systematic mistreatment, oppression, or harassment of individuals or groups by state authorities, or by private actors whom the state is unwilling or unable to control.
13.
is defined as an individual or group that actively opposes, criticizes, or challenges the established policies, authority, or ideological, religious, or political system of a government.
14.
is defined as a form of government or exercise of power that is oppressive, arbitrary, and unjust, characterized by the concentration of absolute authority in a single ruler or small group.
15.
is defined as a situation where a state's political, economic, or social system is confronted with challenges that existing institutions or rule systems are unable to manage.
