1.
Enlightenment writer and critic who defended civil liberties, freedom of expression, and tolerance; he attacked superstition, religious intolerance, and absolute authority.
2.
Philosopher who argued that legitimate political authority comes from the people (popular sovereignty)
3.
The idea that governments are formed by an implicit agreement among people to create rules and institutions in exchange for protection of rights and social order.
4.
Political system in which a monarch or ruler holds concentrated, often unlimited, power over the state and its people, justified by claims of divine right or centralized authority.
5.
French king who centralized royal power, controlled the nobility, and became a symbol of absolute monarchy.
6.
Political change in England that replaced James II with William and Mary, limiting the monarchy’s power and increasing parliamentary authority through a constitutional framework.
7.
Major late-18th-century uprising that overthrew the monarchy, challenged social privilege, and led to radical political and social reforms across Europe.
